{"id":3306,"date":"2020-05-02T16:21:09","date_gmt":"2020-05-02T14:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/john-herschel\/"},"modified":"2020-12-18T15:47:39","modified_gmt":"2020-12-18T14:47:39","slug":"john-herschel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/john-herschel\/","title":{"rendered":"John Herschel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 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fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.22;\"><p>Sir John Herschel<br \/>\nEnglish Scientist (1792-1871)<\/p><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dashed\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#708090;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-zoomout\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" title=\"Herschel_by_Azul_01_S\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Herschel_by_Azul_01_S.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Herschel_by_Azul_01_S.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2988\" 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fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\">\n<p>In 1838, at the age of 46, John Herschel returned to England after 5 years in South Africa with his wife and children. He published the results of his research in astronomy. William and Caroline Herschel &#8211; his father and his aunt &#8211; had discovered Uranus, John inventories and names its satellites as well as those of Saturn and finishes their &#8220;Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters&#8221;.<br \/>\nHis stay in Africa also allowed him to catalogue the flora of Cape Code, his wife Margaret and him illustrated it with watercolours &#8211; as was customary in botanical illustration before photographic plates &#8211; and to finish presenting the extent of his skills, he also studied the local geology and minerals.<\/p>\n<p>Researcher with a wide field of action, John Hershel is prolific, he is going to mark at the same time the astronomy and to initiate the photography&#8230; The legend wants that it is by looking for a way to copy his numerous scientific observations that he found the process of the cyanotype&#8230;<br \/>\nIn his scientific career, John Herschel became interested in light at a very early age; to understand his observations in astronomy, he conducted numerous experiments and thanks to chemistry, he was able to detail the light spectrum, measure it and restore a portion of it on a fixed support, paper or glass&#8230; The beginnings of his contribution to photography then began. For a long time, John Herschel was considered to be the author of this term, but it seems that the word (and the appearance of photography) was in the air at the time, a French inventor, Hercule Florence on an expedition to the depths of Brazil had begun to use &#8220;Photography&#8221; in his notes as early as 1834, in French please.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<p>For his part, John introduced photography as a term within a scientific community that saw the emergence of this activity, and with whom he shared his discoveries: in 1819, he understood that soda hyposulphite dissolves silver salts, which can then fix an image on a support, he developed the fixer, which Henry Talbot , Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e8pce and Louis Daguerre will be able to use in their research.<br \/>\nThese precursors developed the processes and uses of photography, many of their first inventions are now part of history&#8230; past, outdated, certain as the cyanotype remain as alternative techniques.<\/p>\n<p>I would also like to pay tribute to John Herschel for his invention of a metaphor that seems natural to us all today: &#8220;negative&#8221; and &#8220;positive&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Very little of his cyanotypic work was preserved, the round image is a glass photograph taken in 1849 by John Herschel and the rectangular dark blue scene is a cyanotype dating from 1839 &#8220;The Royal Prisoner&#8221; with an as yet unfinished chemical formula.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div 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hover-type-zoomin\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"Herschel_first_picture_on_glass_1839_3_pozitiv\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Herschel_first_picture_on_glass_1839_3_pozitiv.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Herschel_first_picture_on_glass_1839_3_pozitiv-300x300.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2989\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27400%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20400%20400%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27400%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Herschel_first_picture_on_glass_1839_3_pozitiv-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Herschel_first_picture_on_glass_1839_3_pozitiv.png 400w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" 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style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:23px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-zoomin\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\" title=\"INTRO_Herschel\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/INTRO_Herschel.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/INTRO_Herschel.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2990\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27240%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20600%20240%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27240%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/INTRO_Herschel-200x80.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/INTRO_Herschel-400x160.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/INTRO_Herschel.jpg 600w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:23px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>WEB LINKS<br \/>\n&#8211; On Wikipedia <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Herschel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John Herschel<\/a><br \/>\n-On Cosmovision <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmovisions.com\/HerschelJ.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John Herschel<\/a> a delightful story about the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmovisions.com\/HerschelCanular.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Herschel hoax<\/a><br \/>\n&#8211; on Getty , <a href=\"http:\/\/www.getty.edu\/art\/collection\/artists\/1881\/sir-john-frederick-william-herschel-british-1792-1871\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some works by John Herschel<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The round image is a photograph on glass taken in 1849 by John Herschel.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#ff8c00;border-color:#ff8c00;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><ul style=\"--awb-iconcolor:#ffc107;--awb-divider-color:rgba(255,193,7,0.2);--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;--awb-circlecolor:rgba(255,140,0,0.13);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:14.08px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default fusion-checklist-divider type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-bars fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>CYANOGRAPHY &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/cyanography\/references\/\">REFERENCES <\/a>&gt; POSTS :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><ul style=\"--awb-iconcolor:#ffc107;--awb-divider-color:rgba(255,193,7,0.2);--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;--awb-circlecolor:rgba(255,140,0,0.13);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:14.08px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-2 fusion-checklist-default fusion-checklist-divider type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-lightbulb fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/john-herschel\/\">John HERSCHEL<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-vial fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/mike-ware\/\">Mike WARE<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><ul style=\"--awb-iconcolor:#ffc107;--awb-divider-color:rgba(255,193,7,0.2);--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;--awb-circlecolor:rgba(255,140,0,0.13);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:14.08px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-3 fusion-checklist-default fusion-checklist-divider type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-feather-alt fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/anna-atkins\/\">Anne ATKINS<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-history fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/cyanotyping-at-the-turn-of-the-century\/\">Cyanotypie 1900<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[242],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-references-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cyanographie.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}